Photosynthesis
Plants capture light energy using chlorophyll inside the chloroplast.
In the light-dependent reactions, water is split and oxygen is released.
The Calvin cycle fixes carbon dioxide into glucose.
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What pigment absorbs light for photosynthesis?
AgainHardGoodEasy
Quiz · Q3
Where is oxygen released?
- Calvin cycle
- Light-dependent reactions ✓
Audio lesson · 4 min
Summary
- Light → chemical energy
- CO₂ + H₂O → glucose + O₂
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Card 4 of 18
What pigment absorbs light energy?
Chlorophyll
AgainHardGoodEasy
Mock exam · Q7 of 2018:42
Which stage releases oxygen?
- A · Calvin cycle
- B · Light-dependent reactions
- C · Glycolysis
Why: water is split during the light-dependent reactions, releasing O₂.
Cheat sheet
Photosynthesis in 4 lines
- Where: chloroplasts
- Input: light, CO₂, H₂O
- Output: glucose, O₂
- Two stages: light-dependent → Calvin cycle
Podcast · 2 voices · 6 min
ASo why does the leaf need light at all?
BLight powers the first stage — it’s where water gets split.
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Answers connected to your materialWhy do plants need both stages? Can’t the Calvin cycle work on its own?
Not for long. The Calvin cycle runs on ATP and NADPH — and those are made in the light-dependent reactions. Think of stage one as charging the battery, and stage two as spending it to build glucose.
biology-ch4.pdf · page 2AI explanations can make mistakes — the source reference lets you check.
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“…so the thylakoid membrane is where the light-dependent reactions take place…”
“…and remember, the Calvin cycle doesn’t directly need light…”
“…ATP and NADPH carry the energy across…”
Organised notes
Light-dependent reactions
• Thylakoid membrane
Calvin cycle
• Light-independent · uses ATP + NADPH
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Sequencing · PhotosynthesisRound 2 of 5
Put the stages in order.
- Light is absorbed
- ATP & NADPH formed
- Water is split
- CO₂ fixed into sugar
My notes · AI help
Light-dependent reactions
The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes and generate ATP and NADPH via photophosphorylation.
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